The images of the initial resting drop are taken by a CCD camera immediately after the drop hits the paper surface. 383-394. The use of low cost coated ink jet papers as a replacement for silica coatings has become more common lately. The roughest papers were LG, MM, and FG, which were the papers with the least amount of coating (Table 2). Because IPA has greater vapor pressure than water, the wetting is enhanced (lower α) (Aurenty et al. Fig. They have good surface properties, high print gloss and adequate sheet stiffness. The water sorption in the base papers increased with increasing air permeance, as is evident in Table 4. When using IPA as a dampening agent, the concentration of this alcohol in the fountain solution was a key factor in determining wettability. Three solutions had increasing amounts of IPA, and three were made from surfactant-based dampening agents. The coating is applied on the paper surface to improve the gloss, smoothness, optical properties, and printability of the coated paper. Additionally, the surface free energy and its components (polar and dispersive) are often used to characterize the chemistry of the paper surface. On the other hand, the IPA-based fountain solutions evaporate faster as a result of IPA’s higher vapor pressure; surfactants have a nearly zero vapor pressure. “Contact angle on heterogeneous surfaces: A new look at Cassie’s and Wenzel’s laws,” Langmuir 14(23), 6772-6780. Tiberg, F., Daicic, J., and Fröberg, J. The coated paper can resist the penetration of the ink from marker pens. Paper Physical properties Working properties; Bleed proof paper: White, can be textured, thin: Coated to stop colour seeping, ink stays bright on the surface: Cartridge paper: Thick, textured, rough 10, the relation between the surface free energy and WEr for I7 and F3 is plotted. Coated papers. Owens, D. K. (1969). B. Barrier properties offered by these plastic packaging solutions are much better than barrier coated flexible paper packaging. Formation is an indicator of how uniformly the fibers and fillers are distributed in the sheet. “Estimation of the surface free energy of polymers,” J. App. Musselman, S. W., and Chander, S. (2002). Safety of Toys (EN 71-3) - Coated Gloss. consumed coated paper increases, it has more occasions to be processed through a variety of sheet feeders. After 3 s, the rate of change of both α and ØDB decreased because the surface became saturated. 24(3), 567-581. 56(3), 363-370. This was in 1884 or 1885…” 1. No data could be obtained with F2 because this fountain solution spread on the paper surface very quickly and drops rested on it for less than 0.25 s. Fig. Tuominen, M, Lahti, J & Kuusipalo, J 2011, ' Effects of flame and corona treatment on extrusion coated paper properties ', TAPPI Journal, Vuosikerta 10, Nro 10, Sivut 29-36. Line 26: “Drying of paper coated…” – maybe “ drying of paper coating…”? Fig. Ferreira, P. J. T., Moutinho, I. M., and Figuereido, M. M. L. (2008). The graphs show that the WEr and SPr values differ depending on the fountain solutions and/or the papers; this finding will be broadly discussed below. In this study, the influence of drying conditions on the structure and properties of coating layers based on natural pigments (clay) … These defects are even more important in coated papers, as the low porosity of the coating layer and its rather singular chemistry determine the wetting phenomena more markedly than in other paper grades. property of coated paper zGloss is defined as the percentage reflectance at an angle equal to the angle of incidence compared with a standard surface zTAPPI T 480 measures at 75° and is the standard test zTAPPI T 653 measures at 20° and is commonly referred to as “Low Angle Gloss” Multilayer structures Multilayer structures containing aluminium foil or ethylene vinyl alcohol give good oxygen and aroma Res. The influence of paper roughness on the static contact angle has been broadly discussed elsewhere, and several authors have reported decreasing contact angles with increasing paper roughness (Wenzel 1936; Swain and Lipowsky 1998; Chibowski 2003; Ferreira et al.2008). Because the emulsion is coated on the bare base (with the baryta layer ground), FB darkroom prints tend to have a richer, more organic texture. To study in detail the differences in the wetting behavior of the papers, a new parameter was defined: “change of wettability” (ΔW). Ramiro de Maeztu, Box 28040, Madrid, Spain; *Corresponding author: villar@inia.es. Fig. Effect of the coating formulation on the gloss properties of coated papers. Gigac, J., Stankovská, M., and Kasajová, M. (2011). 2004). 46(19), 6183-6188. Therefore, considering F3 and the IPA-based fountain solutions, Figs. For pulping and PEF is a 100% plant-based and recyclable polymer suitable for use in a huge range of applications, including packaging of soft drinks, water, alcoholic beverages and fruit juices. Also noteworthy in Fig. Soroka, W, "Fundamentals of Packaging Technology", IoPP, 2002. Paper surface free energy strongly affects the static contact angle and only moderately affects the dynamic contact angle. The remaining three fountain solutions were prepared with different dampening agents based on surfactants: Böttcher Fount S-3010+, Emerald Premium 3545, and Hidromask 3.6. The image areas (oleophilic) receive the ink, whereas the non-image areas (hydrophilic) catch a water-based film, known as fountain solution. This equation (1) establishes that the relationship between the measured contact angle (αm) and the corrected angle in an ideal flat surface (αc) may be written as follows. Wettability rates (a) and spreading rates (b) at 1 s for surfactant-based fountain solutions. Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009, This page was last edited on 24 April 2021, at 02:47. Modaressi and Garnier (2002) found that the wetting rate was independent of surface chemistry and surface chemical heterogeneity, when using water and sizing papers as substrate. Link/Page Citation Abstract Paper coating pigment plays an essential role in the achievement of the desired end paper qualities. This is an indirect printing process in which the printing and non-printing areas lie on the same plane of the printing plate. Etzler, F. M., Buche, M., Bobalek, J. F., and Weiss, M. A. Static contact angles between the paper surface and the IPA-based fountain solutions decreased as the alcohol concentration increased, whereas the wettability with surfactant-based fountain solutions was highly dependent on their surface tensions. 2012). Six fountain solutions were prepared. A 353(2-3), 104-116. 4 is that F1, whose surface tension exceeded 45 mN/m, slightly modified the paper wettability (ΔW < 10%), as mentioned above. These properties were correlated with print quality (print resolution and edge waviness) and electrical … The properties of coated films were characterized using a light microscope, Diaplan of Leitz (Incident light; 200-fold zoom-in), in terms of aspect (transparency), brittleness, scratch resistance, and surface finish after mechanical stress. CiteSeerX - Scientific articles matching the query: Modelling coated paper properties: application of neural networks. The results indicated that with the increase of coating surface binder migration, the coated paper opacity decreases, and the K&N value decreases. In this study, n-hexane, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, formamide, and distilled water were used as probe liquids, with a 20- to 25-drop test and 7 µL for each drop. 4. The MFC presents a high surface area and has the ability to form a nanoporous network. Figure 7 shows that adding IPA to water only increased the dynamic wettability in the papers FG, HG2, and HG3. coated greaseproof papers have good aroma and oxygen barrier. As can be seen in Fig. Safety of Toys (EN 71-3) - Coated Gloss. (c) Burst index. Although the use of IPA and non-ionic surfactants in fountain solutions did not lead to a noticeable increase in dynamic wettability (except for F2), one should take notice that some of these fountain solutions noticeably reduced the static contact angle, when the capillarity forces still do not play a role, leading to a significant improvement of the paper wetting. consider the variables of paper composition, properties, and aging, as well as type of solvent and technique of solvent application. It is possible to check whether a piece of paper is thermographically coated, as it will turn black from friction or heat. This material is extensively used in paper coatings. Therefore, ΔW was calculated as follows: where αw is the static contact angle with laboratory water and αf.sis the static contact angle with each fountain solution. Static contact angles obtained with W differed across the types of papers. 2004): a hardness of 8 to 10 ºdH; pH value of 6.8 to 7.6; and conductivity of 290 to 350 µS/cm. Particle size and size distribution exert a great influence upon air permeability. MM exhibited the greatest static contact angle measured with W, which is consistent with this paper having the smallest polar component (p) (Fig. For each combination of paper and liquid, four videos were recorded to characterize the evolution of the drop for 10 s, taking 25 frames per s. As described above, droplet volumes ranged from 4 to 9 µL, depending on the fountain solution. “Wetting and adsorption of acetylenic diol based non-ionic surfactants on heterogeneous surfaces,” Colloids Surf. Wetting of coated papers by isopropyl alcohol (IPA)-based fountain solutions or surfactant solutions was studied in this paper. 5. Regarding surfactant solutions, only F3 was considered in this section because this was the one that modified the wettability and spreading rates in relation to water and, although F2 exhibited a similar effect, no data could be obtained with that fountain solution, as mentioned above. Three solutions had increasing amounts of IPA, and three were made from surfactant-based dampening agents. Exact matches only . This means that manufacturing coated papers with greater surface free energy could give rise to papers more easily wetted in the press, reducing some printing problems associated with the inadequate absorption or spreading of the fountain solutions, such as mottle and ink repellence (Etzler et al. In contrast to this, fountain solution F2 greatly improved paper wettability, as the ΔW values were greater than 55% for most of papers. Except for fountain solution I4, paper surface free energy had a significant influence on WEr rates at a 90% confidence level (r > 0.65). The grease resistance is evaluated by measuring (ImageJ®) the surface of the grease reported onto the absorbent paper. The chalk or china clay is bound to the paper with synthetic viscosifiers, such as styrene-butadiene latexes and natural organic binders such as starch. “Influence of surface roughness on wetting dynamic,” Langmuir 15(25), 8765-8770. J. © 2021 NC State University. Table 4. The roughness is calculated as the arithmetic average of absolute values of the surface height deviations, measured from the best fitting plane; Sdr is defined as the percentage of additional surface area contributed by the paper topography, compared to the projected ideally flat area (Peltonen et al. The term “laboratory water” refers to a solution prepared using distilled water and specific concentrations of Ca2+ (40 mg/L), Mg2+ (8 mg/L), and HCO3– (10 mg/L). As it was mentioned when discussing IPA, some differences between papers have been also found for these fountain solutions. Properties of Laboratory Water and Fountain Solutions. Also, commercial dampening agents were used to prepare the fountain solutions, some based on IPA and some based on non-ionic surfactants. “The effect of isopropyl alcohol and non-ionic surfactant mixtures on the wetting of porous coated papers,” Transp. Additionally, the effect of paper surface properties on wetting was analyzed. (b) Tearing index. No correlation between Sq and SPrcould be established. Table 1. The properties of coated films were characterized using a light microscope, Diaplan of Leitz (Incident light; 200-fold zoom-in), in terms of aspect (transparency), brittleness, scratch resistance, and surface finish after mechanical stress. The method consists of measuring the maximum force needed to pull a platinum ring lying flat on the liquid surface. Again, roughness significantly reduces the spreading rate of the liquid on a paper surface, regardless of the type of liquid tested (Semal et al.1999; Modaressi and Garnier 2002; Tåg et al. Comparing the results obtained for IPA and surfactant fountain solutions, the two showed different behavior. The wet trap occurs when ink is repelled because the water film has not completely penetrated the paper. 2010). Wettability rates (a) and spreading rates (b) at 1 s for IPA-based fountain solutions, Fig. The dynamic wettability should not be only accounted for by the paper micro-roughness and other paper properties must be considered. Paper wettability was studied by means of contact angle measurements in air (α), both with laboratory water and fountain solutions. Fig. Paper wetting takes place when the fountain solution comes into contact with the sheet in the first printing unit, spreading over the surface and imbibing into the porous paper structure. Chibowski, E. (2003). Coatings based on pigment and polymer binders are applied on paper surfaces to improve their surface, optical, and printing properties. These results were in line with the conclusions obtained for the static contact angles (Fig. Porous Med. Printed papers commonly have a top coat of a protective polymer to seal the print, provide scuff resistance, and sometimes gloss. Eight commercial coated papers were selected and characterized in terms of roughness and surface free energy. Thus, the ΔW value for I14 was three times as high as the one for I7. This means that, when a droplet of fountain solution hits the paper, it spreads on the surface and also penetrates into the porous structure. the coated paper properties and particularly on average gloss and roughness. 1). 1. As can been seen in these figures, some of the papers showed a slight decrease in both rates compared to laboratory water. Coating materials in the paper enhance optical characteristics (brightness, opacity, and light scattering), surface smoothness (i.e. All the printing auxiliaries were commercial and commonly used in offset printing. CiteSeerX - Scientific articles matching the query: Modelling coated paper properties: application of neural networks. Ning Yan. The Paper Bottle is the first of its kind for beer, carbonated and still drinks, beauty products and more, and uses renewable paper to build strength and structure. The roughness values were averages of at least three measurements. Static contact angles with laboratory water (W), (a) fountain solutions based on IPA, and (b) fountain solutions with dampening agents based on surfactants. Paper wettability was studied through the static contact angles (α) obtained with laboratory water (W), and with each fountain solution (Fig. The effect of the paper surface free energy on dynamic wettability has been studied, but reports have been contradictory. As can be seen, the papers assessed show surface free energy values () between 20 mN/m and 32 mN/m, which are in the same range as those reported by other authors for coated papers (Oliveira et al. (1995). The qualitative analysis of mineral filler and mineral coating of the papers revealed that calcium carbonate was the major component in all the papers tested. 2001; Chibowski 2003). The clustered (rosette) shape of scalenohedral habit calcite PCC results in some improvement in coated paper properties. 94(1), 225-242. Quintana, E., Gómez, N., and Villar, J. C. (2012). The chain branches in turn depend on the process used: either the high-pressure process (only PE-LD) or the low-pressure process (all other PE grades). Paper sheets were solution‐coated using a hand applicator. And Figueiredo, M., Pykönen, M. ( 2004 ), Avda solution was key... Finished grade: gloss and adequate sheet stiffness showed peak evolution at 1558 cm-1 for coated paper were improved compared! 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Papers by isopropyl alcohol ( IPA ) -based fountain solutions yielded r values lower those. “ non-image ” areas, ” Am restrictions on volatile organic compounds, its use be! Below 10 % have not been considered Abstract paper coating pigment plays an role! ( 1998 ) understanding of the coated papers to the paper properties Suppliers on Alibaba query!
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